UJames D. Watson, omnye wawona manani anempembelelo kwibhayoloji yenkulungwane yama-20, Wasweleka eneminyaka engama-97 ubudala kwindawo yokunyamekela e-East Northport (iSiqithi saseLong, eNew York). Ezi ndaba zaqinisekiswa ngunyana wakhe, uDuncan Watson, kunye no Cold Spring Harhente iLebhu (CSHL), iziko apho wagcina khona ubudlelwane beminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi asixhenxe.
Watson wenza imbali kuba chaza i-double helix structure ye-DNA ngo-1953 Ecaleni noFrancis Crick, wenze impumelelo eyatshintsha ngonaphakade ibhayoloji yemolekyuli kunye neyeza. Isidima sakhe, nangona kunjalo, sagqunywa kwiminyaka yakhe kamva iingxelo zobuhlanga ngokuphandle nto leyo eyamenza walahlekelwa yinkxaso yehlabathi lezemfundo kunye nokurhoxiswa kwamawonga yiCSHL ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Umntu ophambili kwibhayoloji yanamhlanje
Wazalelwa eChicago ngo-1928, uWatson wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago eneminyaka eyi-15 kwi-scholarship yabafundi abanetalente ekhethekileyo kwaye wafumana isidanga sakhe sobugqirha kwimfuzo kwiYunivesithi yase-Indiana. Kungekudala emva koko, wafudukela kwiLebhu yaseCavendish eCambridge, apho Waqala ukusebenzisana kakhulu noFrancis Crick phakathi kwe-effervescence ye-X-ray crystallography esetyenziswe kwii-macromolecules.
Eneminyaka nje engama-24 ubudala, uWatson waba nenxaxheba ekufumaneni oko kwasenza saqonda ukuba njani Ulwazi lwemfuza luyagcinwa kwaye luphindaphindweKulo msebenzi, wabelana nge Ibhaso leNobel kwiPhysiology okanye Medicine ngo-1962 kunye noFrancis Crick kunye noMaurice Wilkins, ukuvunywa okuthe kwangcwalisa lo mfanekiso ngoku wezinyuko ezijijekileyo ezifuzisela iDNA.
Phakathi kowe-1956 no-1976, uWatson wayengunjingalwazi eHarvard, apho. yaphucula imfundiso yebhayoloji yeemolekyuli kwaye ibe negalelo kuphuhliso lwentsimi yesithunywa se-RNA. Ukusukela ngo-1968 walathisa i-Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, awathi wayiguqula yaba yinkokeli yehlabathi kumhlaza, i-neurobiology, kunye ne-genomics, ngamaphulo afana nelebhu. IZiko lokuFunda leDNA kunye nokuyilwa kweejenali zenzululwazi ezikhethekileyo.
Kwinqanaba leziko, uWatson wayengumntu othatha isigqibo kwizigaba zokuqala ze Iprojekthi yeGenome yoLuntu Ngasekupheleni kwee-eighties kunye nasekuqaleni kwee-nineties, naye wakhuthaza inkqubo ye-ELSI (imibandela yokuziphatha, yomthetho kunye nentlalontle) ukulindela iimpembelelo zemfuza entsha.
Njengeenkcukacha ezinomdla, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngo-2014, uWatson wathengisa ifandesi yakhe Imbasa yeNobel ixabisa malunga ne-4,8 yezigidi zeerandiUmthengi, usomashishini waseRashiya uAlisher Usmanov, wayibuyisela ngokukhawuleza emva koko. Usosayensi wabonisa ukuba ezinye zeemali ziya kusetyenziselwa iiprojekthi zemfundo kunye nophando, kubandakanywa nezo ze-CSHL ngokwayo, iYunivesithi yaseChicago, kunye neKholeji yaseClare, eCambridge.
Kwiminyaka yakhe kamva, uWatson wahlala erhoxile kubomi boluntu. Emva koko ingozi yemotoIntsapho yakhe yachaza iingxaki zempilo ezabangela ukuba angakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi othile. Wasweleka wangena iziko lokukhathalela eLong Islandapho ebenyangwa khona isifo, ngokutsho konyana wakhe.
Iingxabano kunye nokurhoxiswa kwamawonga
Noko ke, isidima sikaWatson sangcoliswa ziintetho zakhe ngobuhlanga nobukrelekrele. Ngo-2007, kudliwano-ndlebe no ICawa yamaXesha, Wachaza ukuba kukho ukungafani kofuzo kwi-IQ Phakathi kwabemi, amagqabaza aphembelela ukugxekwa nokushenxiswa kwabo kwizikhundla zoxanduva. Ngo-2019, kwi umboniso kamabonakude IiMasters zaseMelika: I-Decoding WatsonWaziphinda ezo ngcamango, ezakhokelela ekubeni CSHL ukuqhawula amaqhina ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye arhoxise zonke iziwonga ezishiyekileyo.
Ezo zikhundla ziye zangahlonelwa ngamaziko enzululwazi, kubandakanywa ne-US National Institutes of Health, lowo owayengumlawuli, uFrancis Collins, wabachaza njenge "eyingozi kwaye ayinasiseko ngokwesayensi" Iingxelo zikaWatson.
Ilifa likaWatson
Amaziko kunye noogxa baye bayigxininisa le impembelelo yembali ye-helix ephindwe kabini kwezamayeza, i-forensic genetics, i-biotechnology, kunye nenzala, ngelixa isikhumbuza ukuba inkqubela phambili yesayensi ayithetheleli. yaphula imilinganiselo yokuziphatha okanye usasaze amabango angenasihlahla. EYurophu naseSpain, umsebenzi wabo usisiseko apho iindawo ezifana ne iyeza elichanekileyo, ulandelelwano olukhulu kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho kwibhayoloji yemolekyuli.
Ukufa kwakhe kuzisa umsebenzi oqaqambileyo njengoko wawuphikisana: usosayensi owanceda «fumana imfihlelo yobomi» kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, wayejongelwa phantsi ngenxa yokubamba ii-postulates ezingahambelaniyo nobungqina kunye nexabiso lesayensi yangoku.
